. Charles, Prince of Wales (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is the to the as the eldest child of. He has been and since 1952, and is the oldest and longest-serving heir apparent in British history. He is also the longest-serving, having held that title since 1958. Charles was born at as the first grandchild of and. He was educated at and Schools, which his father, had attended as a child, as well as the campus of in,. After earning a bachelor of arts degree from, Charles served in the and from 1971 to 1976.

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In 1981, he married and they had two sons: (b. 1982)—later to become —and (b.

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1984)—later to become. In 1996, the couple divorced following well-publicised extramarital affairs by both parties. Diana was in Paris the following year.

In 2005, Charles married long-time girlfriend. Charles founded in 1976, sponsors, and is patron of many other charities and the arts.

He is an who raises awareness of and and has received from environmental groups. His support for, including, has been criticised by some in the medical community. Charles has been outspoken on the role of architecture in society and the conservation of historic buildings. He created, an experimental based on his preferences.

He has authored a number of books, including in 1989 and the children's book in 1980. Prince Charles with his parents and sister in October 1957 The death of his grandfather and the accession of his mother as Queen Elizabeth II in 1952 made Charles her. As the monarch's eldest son, he automatically took the titles, and.

Charles attended at on 2 June 1953. As was customary for upper-class children at the time, a, Catherine Peebles, was appointed and undertook his education between the ages of five and eight.

Buckingham Palace announced in 1955 that Charles would attend school rather than have a private tutor, making him the first heir apparent ever to be educated in that manner. Charles attended in west London. He did not receive preferential treatment from the school's founder and then-head, who advised the Queen to have Charles train in because the boys were never deferential to anyone on the football field. Charles then attended two of his father's former schools, in Berkshire, England, followed by in the north-east of Scotland.

Though he reportedly characterised the latter school, noted for its especially rigorous curriculum, as ' in ', Charles subsequently praised Gordonstoun, stating it had taught him 'a great deal about myself and my own abilities and disabilities. It taught me to accept challenges and take the initiative.' In a 1975 interview, he said he was 'glad' he had attended Gordonstoun and that the 'toughness of the place' was 'much exaggerated'. He spent two terms in 1966 at the campus of in, during which time he visited on a school trip with his history tutor, Michael Collins Persse. In 1973, Charles described his time at Timbertop as the most enjoyable part of his whole education.

Upon his return to Gordonstoun, Charles emulated his father in becoming. He left in 1967, with six and two in history and French, at grades B and C respectively. On his early education, Charles later remarked, 'I didn't enjoy school as much as I might have, but that was only because I'm happier at home than anywhere else.'

Charles broke royal tradition a second time when he proceeded straight to university after his A-levels, rather than joining the. In October 1967, he was admitted to, where he read, and history. During his second year, Charles attended the in, studying and for a term. He graduated from Cambridge with a Bachelor of Arts on 23 June 1970, the first heir apparent to earn a university degree. On 2 August 1975, he was awarded a, in accordance with the university's practice.

Main article: Charles was created and on 26 July 1958, though his investiture was not held until 1 July 1969, when he was crowned by his mother in a televised ceremony held. He in the in 1970, and he made his at a debate in June 1974, becoming the first royal to speak in the Lords since his great-great-grandfather, later, also speaking as Prince of Wales, in 1884. Charles began to take on more public duties, founding in 1976, and travelling to the United States in 1981. In the mid-1970s, the prince expressed an interest in serving as, at the suggestion of Australian prime minister, but because of a lack of public enthusiasm nothing came of the proposal. Charles accepted the decision, if not without some regret; he said: 'So, what are you supposed to think when you are prepared to do something to help and you are just told you're not wanted?' Charles is the longest serving Prince of Wales, having surpassed the record held by on 9 September 2017.

He is the oldest and longest-serving British heir apparent, the longest-serving Duke of Cornwall, and the longest-serving Duke of Rothesay. If he became monarch at present he would be the oldest person to do so; the record holder is, who was 64 when he became king in 1830. Military training and career Charles followed family tradition when he served in the and. During his second year at Cambridge, he requested and received Royal Air Force training.

On 8 March 1971, he flew himself to the Royal Air Force College to train as a jet pilot. After the passing-out parade that September, he embarked on a naval career and enrolled in a six-week course at the Royal Naval College Dartmouth. He then served on the guided missile destroyer (1971–1972) and the frigates (1972–1973) and (1974). In 1974, he qualified as a helicopter pilot at, and then joined 845 Naval Air Squadron, operating from. On 9 February 1976, he took command of the coastal minehunter for his last ten months of active service in the navy. He learned to fly on a basic pilot trainer, a jet trainer, and a multi-engine trainer; he then regularly flew the, and aircraft of until he gave up flying after crashing the in the in 1994.

Early romances. Portrait of the Prince in, 1974, by In his youth, Charles was amorously linked to a number of women. His great-uncle advised him: In a case like yours, the man should sow his wild oats and have as many affairs as he can before settling down, but for a wife he should choose a suitable, attractive, and sweet-charactered girl before she has met anyone else she might fall for. It is disturbing for women to have experiences if they have to remain on a pedestal after marriage. Charles's girlfriends included Georgiana Russell, the daughter of the; Lady Jane Wellesley, the daughter of the; Davina Sheffield;; and, who later became his second wife and Duchess of Cornwall.

Early in 1974, Mountbatten began corresponding with Charles about a potential marriage to, who was Mountbatten's granddaughter. Charles wrote to Amanda's mother—, who was also his —expressing interest in her daughter, to which she replied approvingly, though she suggested that a with the not yet 17-year-old girl was premature. Four years later, Mountbatten arranged for Amanda and himself to accompany Charles on his 1980 tour of India. Both fathers, however, objected; Philip feared that Charles would be eclipsed by his famous uncle (who had served as the last British and first ), while warned that a joint visit would concentrate media attention on the cousins before they could decide on becoming a couple. However, in August 1979, before Charles would depart alone for India, Mountbatten was killed by the IRA. When Charles returned, he proposed to Amanda, but in addition to her grandfather, she had lost her paternal grandmother and youngest brother in the bomb attack and was now reluctant to join the royal family. In June 1980, Charles officially turned down House, placed at his disposal since 1974, as his future residence.

Chevening, a in Kent, was bequeathed, along with an, to the Crown by the last, Amanda's childless great-uncle, in the hope that Charles would eventually occupy it. In 1977, a newspaper report mistakenly announced his engagement to.

Marriages Marriage to Lady Diana Spencer. Main article: Charles first met in 1977 while he was visiting her home,. He was the companion of her elder sister, and did not consider Diana romantically until mid-1980. While they were sitting together on a bale of hay at a friend's barbecue in July, he mentioned Mountbatten's death, to which Diana replied that Charles had looked forlorn and in need of care during his uncle's funeral. Soon, according to Charles's chosen biographer, 'without any apparent surge in feeling, he began to think seriously of her as a potential bride', and she accompanied Charles on visits to and. Charles's cousin and his wife told Charles that Diana appeared awestruck by his position and that he did not seem to be in love with her. Meanwhile, the couple's continuing courtship attracted intense attention from the press and.

When Prince Philip told him that the media speculation would injure Diana's reputation if Charles did not come to a decision about marrying her soon, and realising that she was a suitable royal bride (according to Mountbatten's criteria), Charles construed his father's advice as a warning to proceed without further delay. Prince Charles proposed to Diana in February 1981; she accepted and they married in on 29 July of that year.

Upon his marriage, Charles reduced his voluntary tax contribution from the profits generated by the from 50% to 25%. The couple lived at and at, near, and had two children: Princes (b. 1982) and (known as 'Harry') (b. Charles set a precedent by being the first royal father to be present at his children's births.

Persistent suggestions that Harry's father is not Charles but, with whom Diana had an affair, have been based on a physical similarity between Hewitt and Harry. However, Harry had already been born by the time the affair between Hewitt and Diana began. Separation and divorce Within five years, the marriage was in trouble due to the couple's incompatibility and near thirteen-year age difference Diana's concern about Charles's previous girlfriend, Camilla Shand (later Camilla Parker Bowles), was also visible and damaging to their marriage.

Their evident discomfort in each other's company led to them being dubbed 'The Glums' by the press. Diana exposed Charles's affair with Camilla in a book by Andrew Morton, Diana, Her True Story. Audio tapes of her own extramarital flirtations also surfaced. In December 1992, British Prime Minister announced the couple's formal separation in Parliament. Earlier that year, the British press had published transcripts of a passionate bugged telephone conversation between Charles and Camilla from 1989.

Prince Charles sought public understanding via a televised interview with on 29 June 1994. In the interview, he confirmed his own extramarital affair with Camilla, saying that he had rekindled their association in 1986 only after his marriage to Diana had 'irretrievably broken down'. Charles and Diana divorced on 28 August 1996. Diana was killed in a in Paris on 31 August of the following year; Charles flew to Paris with Diana's sisters to accompany her body back to Britain. Marriage to Camilla Parker Bowles. The Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall in, March 2008 The engagement of Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles was announced on 10 February 2005; he presented her with an engagement ring that had belonged to.

The Queen's consent to the marriage (as required by the ) was recorded in a meeting on 2 March. In Canada, the announced its decision that the was not required to meet to give its consent to the marriage, as the union would not result in offspring and would have no impact on the succession to the. Charles was the only member of the Royal Family to have a civil rather than a church wedding in England. Government documents from the 1950s and 1960s, published by the BBC, stated that such a marriage was illegal, though these were dismissed by Charles's spokesman, and explained to be obsolete by the sitting government. The marriage was scheduled to take place in a civil ceremony at, with a subsequent religious blessing. The venue was subsequently changed to, because a civil marriage at Windsor Castle would oblige the venue to be available to anyone who wished to be married there. Four days before the wedding, the originally scheduled date of 8 April was postponed until the following day in order to allow Charles and some of the invited dignitaries to attend the.

Charles's parents did not attend the civil marriage ceremony; the Queen's reluctance to attend probably arose from her position as. The Queen and Duke of Edinburgh did attend the of and later held a reception for the newlyweds at Windsor Castle. The blessing, by the, at, was televised. Social interests Philanthropy and charity Since founding in 1976, Charles has established sixteen more charitable organisations, and now serves as president of all of those.

Together, these form a loose alliance called, which describes itself as 'the largest multi-cause charitable enterprise in the United Kingdom, raising over £100 million annually. and is active across a broad range of areas including education and young people, environmental sustainability, the built environment, responsible business and enterprise and international.' In 2010, was established in a similar fashion to its namesake in the UK. Charles is also of over 350 other charities and organisations, and carries out duties related to these throughout the; for example, he uses of Canada as a way to help draw attention to youth, the disabled, the environment, the arts, medicine, the elderly, heritage conservation, and education. In Canada, Charles has supported humanitarian projects. Along with his two sons, he took part in ceremonies that marked the 1998. Charles has also set up, which is based in.

The Prince's Charities Australia is to provide a coordinating presence for the Prince of Wales’s Australian and international charitable endeavors. Charles was one of the first world leaders to express strong concerns about the human rights record of Romanian dictator, initiating objections in the international arena, and subsequently supported the FARA Foundation, a charity for Romanian orphans and abandoned children. In 2013, Charles donated an unspecified sum of money to the British Red Cross Syria Crisis appeal and DEC Syria appeal, which is run by 14 British charities to help victims of the.

According to, It is believed that after turning 65 years old in 2013, Charles donated his state pension to an unnamed charity that supports elderly people. In March 2014, Charles arranged for five million measles-rubella vaccinations for children in the on the outbreak of measles in South-East Asia. According to Clarence House, Charles was affected by news of the damage caused by in 2013. International Health Partners, of which he has been Patron since 2004, sent the vaccines, which are believed to protect five million children below the age of five from.

Built environment The Prince of Wales has openly expressed his views on architecture and; he fostered the advancement of and asserted that he 'cares deeply about issues such as the environment, architecture, inner-city renewal, and the quality of life.' In a speech given for the 150th anniversary of the (RIBA) on 30 May 1984, he memorably described a proposed extension to the as a 'monstrous carbuncle on the face of a much-loved friend' and deplored the 'glass stumps and concrete towers' of modern architecture. He asserted that 'it is possible, and important in human terms, to respect old buildings, street plans and traditional scales and at the same time not to feel guilty about a preference for facades, ornaments and soft materials,' called for local community involvement in architectural choices, and asked: Why can't we have those curves and arches that express feeling in design? What is wrong with them? Why has everything got to be vertical, straight, unbending, only at right angles – and functional? The Prince of Wales at the newly opened, 14 June 2000 His book and BBC documentary A Vision of Britain (1987) was also critical of modern architecture, and he has continued to campaign for traditional urbanism, human scale, restoration of historic buildings, and sustainable design, despite criticism in the press.

Two of his charities ( and ) promote his views, and the village of was built on land owned by the to a master plan by under the guidance of Prince Charles and in line with his philosophy. Charles helped establish a national trust for the built environment in Canada after lamenting, in 1996, the unbridled destruction of many of the country's historic urban cores. He offered his assistance to the in creating a trust modelled on Britain's, a plan that was implemented with the passage of the. In 1999, the Prince agreed to the use of his title for the, awarded by the Foundation to municipal governments that have shown sustained commitment to the conservation of historic places. While visiting the United States and surveying the damage caused by, Charles received the 's in 2005, for his efforts in regard to architecture; he donated $25,000 of the prize money towards restoring storm-damaged communities.

From 1997, the Prince of Wales has visited to view and highlight the destruction of Orthodox monasteries and villages during the rule of. Charles is patron of the Trust, a Romanian conservation and regeneration organisation, and has purchased a house in Romania.

Historian wrote in the Romanian newspaper in 2006 that Charles had been offered the Romanian throne by monarchists in that country; an offer that was reportedly turned down, but Buckingham Palace denied the reports. Charles also has 'a deep understanding of and ', and has been involved in the construction of a building and garden at the that combine Islamic and Oxford architectural styles. Charles has occasionally intervened in projects that employ architectural styles such as and.

In 2009, Charles wrote to the, the developers of the site, labelling 's design for the site 'unsuitable'. Subsequently, Rogers was removed from the project and The Prince's Foundation for the Built Environment was appointed to propose an alternative. Rogers claimed the Prince had also intervened to block his designs for the and, and condemned Charles's actions as 'an abuse of power' and 'unconstitutional'., and, among others, wrote a letter to complaining that the Prince's 'private comments' and 'behind-the-scenes lobbying' subverted the 'open and democratic planning process'. And other architects condemned Charles's views as 'elitist' in a letter encouraging colleagues to boycott a speech given by Charles to RIBA in 2009. In 2010, decided to help reconstruct and redesign buildings in, Haiti after the capital was destroyed by the.

The foundation is known for refurbishing historic buildings in, Afghanistan and in, Jamaica. The project has been called the 'biggest challenge yet' for the Prince's Foundation for the Built Environment. For his work as patron of, in 2012 he was awarded the for patronage. The prize, awarded by the, is considered the highest architecture award for New Classical Architecture and urban planning.

Livery company commitments The installed Charles as an Honorary Liveryman 'in recognition of his interest in London's architecture.' The Prince of Wales is also Permanent Master of the, a Freeman of the, an Honorary Freeman of the, an Honorary Member of the Court of Assistants of the, and a Royal Liveryman of the. Natural environment. The Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall meeting officials in, as they arrive to tour the damage created by, November 2005 Since the early 1980s, Charles has promoted environmental awareness.

Upon moving into, he developed an interest in, which culminated in the 1990 launch of his own organic brand, which now sells more than 200 different sustainably produced products, from food to garden furniture; the profits (over £6 million by 2010) are donated to The Prince's Charities. Documenting work on his estate, Charles co-authored (with Charles Clover, environment editor of ) Highgrove: An Experiment in Organic Gardening and Farming, published in 1993, and offers his patronage to. Along similar lines, the Prince of Wales became involved with farming and various industries within it, regularly meeting with farmers to discuss their trade. Although the epidemic in England prevented Charles from visiting organic farms in, he met the farmers at town hall. In 2004, he founded the, which aims to support British sheep farmers and make more attractive to Britons. His organic farming has attracted media criticism: According to in October 2006, 'the story of Duchy Originals has involved compromises and ethical blips, wedded to a determined merchandising programme.'

In 2007, he received the 10th annual from the 's Center for Health and the Global Environment, the director of which, stated: 'For decades the Prince of Wales has been a champion of the natural world. He has been a world leader in efforts to improve energy efficiency and in reducing the discharge of toxic substances on land, and into the air and the oceans'.

Charles's travels by private jet drew criticism from 's. In 2007, Charles launched, which encourages businesses to take action on. Speaking to the on 14 February 2008, he called for European Union leadership in the war against climate change. During the standing ovation that followed, the leader of the (UKIP), remained seated and went on to describe Charles's advisers as 'naive and foolish at best.' In a speech to the Low Carbon Prosperity Summit in a European Parliament chamber on 9 February 2011, Charles said that climate change sceptics are playing 'a reckless game of roulette' with the planet's future and are having a 'corrosive effect' on public opinion. He also articulated the need to protect fisheries and the Amazon rain forest, and to make low-carbon emissions affordable and competitive. In 2011, Charles received the for his engagement with the environment, such as the.

On 27 August 2012, the Prince of Wales addressed the International Union for Conservation of Nature – World Conservation Congress, supporting the view that grazing animals are needed to keep soils and grassland productive: I have been particularly fascinated, for example, by the work of a remarkable man called, in and other areas, who has argued for years against the prevailing expert view that is the simple numbers of cattle that drive overgrazing and cause fertile land to become desert. On the contrary, as he has since shown so graphically, the land needs the presence of feeding animals and their droppings for the cycle to be complete, so that soils and grassland areas stay productive. Such that, if you take grazers off the land and lock them away in vast, the land dies. In February 2014, Charles visited the to meet residents affected. During his visit, Charles remarked that 'There's nothing like a jolly good disaster to get people to start doing something. The tragedy is that nothing happened for so long.'

He pledged a £50,000 donation, provided by the Prince's Countryside Fund, to help families and businesses. Alternative medicine. The Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall with Director and Surgeon-General, November 2005 Charles has controversially championed. Attracted opposition from the scientific and medical community over its campaign encouraging to offer herbal and other alternative treatments to patients, and in May 2006, Charles made a speech at the in Geneva, urging the integration of conventional and alternative medicine and arguing for. In April 2008, published a letter from, Professor of Complementary Medicine at the University of Exeter, which asked the Prince's Foundation to recall two guides promoting alternative medicine, saying 'the majority of alternative therapies appear to be clinically ineffective, and many are downright dangerous.' A speaker for the foundation countered the criticism by stating: 'We entirely reject the accusation that our online publication Complementary Healthcare: A Guide contains any misleading or inaccurate claims about the benefits of complementary therapies.

On the contrary, it treats people as adults and takes a responsible approach by encouraging people to look at reliable sources of information. So that they can make informed decisions. The foundation does not promote complementary therapies.' That year, Ernst published a book with, mockingly dedicated to 'HRH the Prince of Wales' called. The last chapter is highly critical of Charles's advocacy of complementary and alternative treatments. The Prince's produce a variety of complementary medicinal products including a 'Detox Tincture' that Edzard Ernst has denounced as 'financially exploiting the vulnerable' and 'outright '. In 2009, the criticised an email that Duchy Originals had sent out to advertise its Echina-Relief, Hyperi-Lift and Detox Tinctures products saying that it was misleading.

The Prince personally wrote at least seven letters to the (MHRA) shortly before they relaxed the rules governing labelling of such herbal products, a move that has been widely condemned by scientists and medical bodies. In October 2009, it was reported that Charles had personally lobbied the Health Secretary, regarding greater provision of alternative treatments in the NHS. In 2016 Charles said in a speech that he used veterinary medicines to reduce antibiotic use at his farm. In Ernst's book More Good Than Harm? The Moral Maze of Complementary and Alternative Medicine he and ethicist Kevin Smith call Charles 'foolish and immoral' and 'conclude that it is not possible to practice alternative medicine ethically'.

Ernst further claims that the private secretary of the Prince contacted the vice chancellor of Exeter University to investigate Ernst's complaints against the 'Smallwood Report' which the Prince had commissioned in 2005. While Ernst was 'found not to be guilty of any wrong-doing, all local support at Exeter stopped, which eventually led to my early retirement.' In April 2010, following accounting irregularities, a former official at the foundation and his wife were arrested for fraud believed to total £300,000. Four days later, the foundation announced its closure, claiming that it 'has achieved its key objective of promoting the use of integrated health.' The charity's finance director, accountant George Gray, was convicted of theft totalling £253,000 and sentenced to three years in prison.

The Prince's Foundation was re-branded and re-launched later in 2010 as. Religious and philosophical interests. Orthodox priest Jaroslav Šuvarský with the Prince of Wales in 2010 Prince Charles was at age 16 by Archbishop of Canterbury at Easter 1965, in. He attends services at various churches close to Highgrove, and attends the 's with the rest of the royal family when staying at Balmoral Castle. In 2000, he was appointed as to the. Charles has visited (amid some secrecy) monasteries several times on as well as in Romania. Charles is also patron of the at the, and in the 2000s, he inaugurated of the, which is dedicated to Islamic studies in a plural multicultural context.

Sir became a friend of Charles in 1977; he was dubbed his 'spiritual guru' and was godfather to Charles's son, Prince William. From Van der Post, Prince Charles developed a focus on philosophy, especially and. He has praised artworks, and wrote a memorial for, the Neoplatonist poet who died in 2003. Charles expressed his philosophical views in his 2010 book, which won a.

Although it had been rumoured that Charles would vow to be 'Defender of the Faiths' or 'Defender of Faith' as king, he stated in 2015 that he would retain the monarch's traditional title of ', whilst 'ensuring that other people's faiths can also be practised', which he sees as a duty of the. Official duties In 2008, declared Charles the 'hardest-working member of the royal family.' He carried out 560 official engagements in 2008, 499 in 2010, and over 600 in 2011. Official opening of the Fourth Assembly at the in, Wales. From left to right:, the Prince of Wales, the Duchess of Cornwall, the Queen and, 7 June 2011 As Prince of Wales, Charles undertakes official duties on behalf of the Queen and the. He officiates at and attends the funerals of foreign dignitaries.

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Prince Charles makes regular tours of Wales, fulfilling a week of engagements each summer, and attending important national occasions, such as opening the. The six trustees of the meet three times a year under his chairmanship. Prince Charles travels abroad on behalf of the United Kingdom. Charles has been regarded as an effective advocate of the country. While visiting Australia in January 1994, two shots from a were fired at him on by in protest of the treatment of several hundred Cambodian asylum seekers held in detention camps. In 1995, Charles became the first member of the royal family to visit the Republic of Ireland in an official capacity.

In 2000, Charles revived the tradition of the Prince of Wales having an, in order to foster Welsh talent at playing the harp, the national instrument of Wales. He and the Duchess of Cornwall also spend one week each year in Scotland, where he is patron of several Scottish organisations. His service to the permits him to be informed of troop activities, and allows him to visit these troops while in Canada or overseas, taking part in ceremonial occasions. For instance, in 2001 he placed a specially commissioned wreath, made from vegetation taken from French battlefields, at the, and in 1981 he became the patron of the. At the in 2005, Charles unintentionally caused controversy when he shook hands with, the, who had been seated next to him. Charles's office subsequently released a statement saying: 'The Prince of Wales was caught by surprise and not in a position to avoid shaking Mr Mugabe's hand. The Prince finds the current Zimbabwean regime abhorrent.

He has supported the Zimbabwe Defence and Aid Fund, which works with those being oppressed by the regime. The Prince also recently met, the Archbishop of Bulawayo, an outspoken critic of the government.'

In 2010, Charles represented the Queen at the of the in,. He attends official events in the United Kingdom in support of Commonwealth countries, such as the earthquake memorial service at in 2011. From 15 to 17 November 2013, he represented the Queen for the first time at a, in,. Letters sent by Prince Charles to government ministers during 2004 and 2005—the so-called —have presented potential embarrassment following a challenge by The Guardian newspaper to release the letters under the. In March 2015, the decided that the Prince's letters must be released. The letters were published by the on 13 May 2015. The Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall made their first joint trip to the in May 2015.

The trip was called an important step in 'promoting peace and reconciliation' by the British Embassy. During the trip, Charles shook hands with and supposed leader in, which was described by the media as a 'historic handshake' and a 'significant moment for Anglo-Irish relations'. In the run up to the Prince's visit, two dissidents were arrested for planning a bomb attack.

And rockets were found at the home of suspect Donal O’Coisdealbha, member of a self-styled organisation, who was later jailed for five and a half years. He was connected to a veteran republican, Seamus McGrane of, a member of the, who was jailed for 11 and a half years. In 2015, it was revealed that Prince Charles had access to confidential UK cabinet papers. Charles has made frequent visits to in order to promote arms exports for companies such as.

In 2013, 2014, and 2015, he met with the commander of Saudi Arabia's National Guard. In February 2014, he took part in a traditional sword dance with members of the Saudi royal family at the Janariyah festival in Riyadh.

At the same festival, British arms company was honoured by Prince Salman bin Abdulaziz. Charles was criticised by Scottish MP in 2016 over his role in the sale of fighter jets to Saudi Arabia. According to Charles's biographer Catherine Mayer, a Time magazine journalist who claims to have interviewed several sources from Prince Charles's inner circle, he 'doesn't like being used to market weaponry' in deals with Saudi Arabia and other Arab Gulf states. According to Mayer, Charles has only raised his objections to being used to sell weapons abroad in private. Commonwealth heads of government decided at their, that the Prince of Wales will be the next after the Queen. The head is chosen and therefore not hereditary.

In May 2018, a garden party was thrown at Buckingham Palace ahead of his 70th birthday to celebrate his charity work and military affiliations. Hobbies and personal interests Sports. The Prince of Wales and after a polo match at, London From his youth until 1992, Prince Charles was an avid player of competitive. He continued to play informally, including for charity, until 2005. Charles also frequently took part in until in 2005. By the late 1990s, opposition to the activity was growing when Charles's participation was viewed as a 'political statement' by those who were opposed to it.

The launched an attack against Charles after he took his sons on the in 1999. At that time, the government was trying to ban hunting with hounds. Charles has been a keen salmon angler since youth and supports 's efforts to protect the North Atlantic salmon. He frequently fishes the in, Scotland, while he claims his most special angling memories are from his time in, Iceland.

Charles is a supporter of. Visual, performing and contemporary arts Prince Charles is president or patron of more than twenty performing arts organisations, which include the, the, the, the, and the. In 2000, he revived the tradition of appointing harpists to the Royal Court, by appointing an.

As an undergraduate at Cambridge he played cello, and has sung with the twice. Charles founded in 2002, to help more children experience the arts first-hand. He is president of the and attends performances in, supports fundraising events and attends the company's annual general meeting. He enjoys comedy, and is interested in, becoming a member of after passing his audition in 1975 by performing the ' effect.

Charles is a keen and accomplished who has exhibited and sold a number of his works and also published books on the subject. In 2001, 20 of his watercolour paintings illustrating his country estates were exhibited at the. Charles was awarded the 2011 Montblanc de la Culture Arts Patronage Award by the Montblanc Cultural Foundation for his support and commitment to the arts, particularly in regard to young people. On 23 April 2016, Charles appeared in a comedy sketch for the Royal Shakespeare Company's Shakespeare Live! At the, to commemorate the 400th anniversary of 's death in 1616.

The event was televised live by the. Charles made a surprise entrance to settle the disputed delivery of celebrated line, 'To be or not to be, that is the question'. Main article: Prince Charles is an author of several books that reflect his own interests. He has also contributed a or to books by other writers and has also written, presented and has been featured in documentary films.

Media image Since his birth, Prince Charles has undergone close media attention, which increased as he matured. It has been an ambivalent relationship, largely impacted by his marriages to Diana and Camilla and its aftermath, but also centred on his future conduct as king, such as the 2014 play. Impact of marriage to Diana. Charles's ninth visit to in 2015 In 2002, Charles, 'so often a target of the press, got his chance to return fire' when addressing 'scores of editors, publishers and other media executives' gathered at to celebrate 300 years of journalism. Defending public servants from 'the corrosive drip of constant criticism', he noted that the press had been 'awkward, cantankerous, cynical, bloody-minded, at times intrusive, at times inaccurate and at times deeply unfair and harmful to individuals and to institutions.' But, he concluded, regarding his own relations with the press, 'from time to time we are probably both a bit hard on each other, exaggerating the downsides and ignoring the good points in each.' Guest appearances on television The Prince of Wales has occasionally appeared on television.

In 1984, he read his children's book for the BBC's series. The UK soap opera featured an appearance by Charles during the show's 40th anniversary in 2000, as did the New Zealand young adult cartoon series (2005), after he attended a performance by the show's creators during a tour of the country. Charles was interviewed with Princes William and Harry by to mark the 30th anniversary of The Prince's Trust in 2006 and in 2016 was interviewed by them again along with his sons and the Duchess of Cornwall to mark the 40th anniversary. His saving of the Scottish stately home was the subject of 's documentary Royal Restoration, which aired on TV in May 2012. Also in May 2012, Charles tried his hand at being a weather presenter for the BBC, reporting the forecast for Scotland as part of their annual week at alongside. He injected humour in his report, asking, 'Who the hell wrote this script?'

As references were made to royal residences. In December 2015 revealed that interviews with Charles were subject to a contract that restricts questions to those previously approved, and gives his staff oversight of editing and the right to 'remove the contribution in its entirety from the programme'. Channel 4 News decided not to proceed with an interview on this basis, which some journalists believed would put them at risk of breaching the Broadcasting Code on editorial independence and transparency. Residences and finance. The official residence of the Prince of Wales in London is Charles's official residence. Previously, he had an apartment.

Charles also has two private homes: in and near. Both Clarence House and Birkhall were previously the residences of.

His primary source of income is generated from the, which owns 133,658 acres of land (around 54,090 hectares), including farming, residential, and commercial properties, as well as an investment portfolio. Highgrove is owned by the, having been purchased for his use in 1980, and which Prince Charles rents for £336,000 per annum.

The published its 25th report into the Duchy of Cornwall accounts in November 2013 noting that the duchy performed well in 2012–13, increasing its total income and producing an overall surplus of £19.1 million. In 2007 the prince purchased a 192-acre property (150 acres of grazing and parkland, and 40 acres of woodland) in, and applied for permission to convert the farm into a Welsh home for him and the Duchess of Cornwall, to be rented out as holiday flats when the couple is not in residence. A neighbouring family said the proposals flouted local planning regulations, and the application was put on hold temporarily while a report was drafted on how the alterations would affect the local bat population. Charles and Camilla first stayed at the new property, called, in June 2008.

In 2016 it was reported that his estates receive £100,000 a year in European Union agricultural subsidies. Starting in 1993, the Prince of Wales has paid tax voluntarily under the Memorandum of Understanding on Royal Taxation, updated 2013. In December 2012, were asked to investigate alleged tax avoidance by the Duchy of Cornwall.

The Duchy of Cornwall is named in the, a set of confidential electronic documents relating to that were leaked to the German newspaper. The papers show that the Duchy invested in a Bermuda-based carbon credits trading company run by one of Charles's Cambridge contemporaries.

The investment was kept secret but there is no suggestion that Charles or the estate avoided UK tax. Titles, styles, honours and arms. ^ Charles does not usually use a family name but when one is needed, it is.

^ In addition to his active service listed here, Charles holds and in the armed forces of Australia, Canada, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea as well as the United Kingdom. Prince Charles's godparents were: the King (his maternal grandfather); the (his cousin, for whom the stood proxy); (his maternal great-grandmother); (his maternal aunt); (his paternal great-uncle, for whom the Duke of Edinburgh stood proxy); the (his paternal great-grandmother); the (his cousin); and the Hon (his maternal great-uncle). As the child of a daughter of the sovereign, Charles would not usually have been accorded the titles of a or the. However, on 22 October 1948, George VI had issued granting a royal and princely status to any children of Princess Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburgh, making Charles a royal prince from birth.

Following a near-secretive unveiling at the prestigious Royal Automobile Club in Pall Mall back in February, chassis 860001 – the very first production Land Rover – has drawn worldwide interest and all manner of questions. Where has it hidden away all this time?

Why is it in such a condition? When was it last on the road?

All those answers can be. Yet, one question has been unconfirmed – just who bought and now owns chassis 860001?. You may have heard of INEOS, a privately owned multinational chemicals company headquartered in London, as CEO and founder Jim Ratcliffe has not only been declared Britain’s richest man but also waged war with Land Rover over rights to the Defender. Unable to acquire the legal rights to continue Defender production after Solihull wrapped production in January 2016, Ratcliffe has been planning his own 4x4 – known as the Ineos Grenadier – through INEOS Automotive, established in 2016 with the aim of supplying a fresh perspective on the off-road market.

Mr Ratcliffe has been a huge Land Rover aficionado for decades. It, therefore, comes as no surprise to discover that the UK’s wealthiest gentleman acquired the first production Land Rover some time ago. Isn’t HUE 166 the first Land Rover? Rolling off the Solihull-factory production line on July 27, 1948, JUE 477 lays claim as the first production Land Rover; not to be confused with HUE 166 – Land Rover’s kept ‘first example'. HUE 166 is actually the first of a batch of 48 prototypes.

'Huey' has a chassis number of LR1, but is still a test vehicle (not the first production Land Rover as popularly claimed), rolling out of the factory on March 11, 1948. HUE 166 may be the oldest surviving Land Rover, but is not chassis number one. JUE 477 is chassis number 860001. Therefore, it's undoubtedly the oldest production Land Rover. Confirmed Acquisition and Restoration.

Yasin Ali, Group Company Secretary at INEOS, confirmed the acquisition: ‘JUE 477 is a remarkable example and holds a special place in automotive history. We now have the opportunity to ensure that the vehicle is preserved for future generations to enjoy and that its past is documented,’ explained Yasin Ali, INEOS’ Group Company Secretary, speaking with Classic & Sportscar. Looking at the vehicle’s current state, there is no denying that the Land Rover requires a thorough restoration, although to keep the world’s passionate Landy community on side JUE 477’s rebuild needs to be sympathetic. Chief Restorer Julian Shoolheifer is the man in charge, and he’s attested a plan to retain a huge amount of original parts. All that us Land Rover enthusiasts can do now is await JUE 477’s next public appearance, although the project appears to be in safe hands.