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. (1943-1953).
(1953-1970). (1970-1986). (1987-present) Website Jeep is a brand of American automobiles that is a of (formerly Chrysler Group, LLC), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Italian-American corporation. Jeep has been a part of Chrysler since 1987, when Chrysler acquired the Jeep brand, along with remaining assets, from its previous owner:. Jeep's current product range consists solely of and, but has also included in the past. Some of Jeep's vehicles—such as the —reach into the luxury SUV segment, a the is considered to have created. Jeep sold 1.4 million SUVs globally in 2016, up from 500,000 in 2008, two-thirds of which in North America, and was Fiat-Chrysler's best selling brand in the U.S.
During the first half of 2017. Alone, over 2400 dealerships hold franchise rights to sell Jeep-branded vehicles, and if Jeep were spun off into a separate company, it is estimated to be worth between $22 and $33.5 billion—slightly more than all of FCA (US).
Prior to 1940 the term 'jeep' had been used as U.S. Army slang for new recruits or vehicles, but the that went into production in 1941 specifically tied the name to this light military 4x4, arguably making them the oldest four-wheel drive mass-production vehicles now known as. The Jeep became the primary light 4-wheel-drive vehicle of the and the during, as well as the postwar period. The term became common worldwide in the wake of the war.
Doug Stewart noted: 'The spartan, cramped, and unstintingly functional jeep became the ubiquitous World War II four-wheeled personification of and cocky, can-do determination.' The Jeep marque has been headquartered in, ever since launched production of the first branded models there in 1945. Its replacement, the conceptually consistent series, remains in production since 1986.
With its solid axles and open top, the Wrangler has been called the Jeep model that is as central to the brand’s identity as the rear-engined 911 is to Porsche. At least two Jeep models (the and the ) enjoyed extraordinary three-decade production runs of a single body generation. Jeeps have since the war inspired a number of other, such as the. Many Jeep variants serving similar military and civilian roles have since been designed in other nations. In lowercase the term 'jeep' continues to be used as a for vehicles inspired by the Jeep that are suitable for use on rough terrain. Jeep with Development – 1. Bantam Reconnaissance Car When it became clear that the United States would be involved in the, the U.S.
Army contacted 135 companies to create working prototypes of a four-wheel-drive reconnaissance car. Only two companies responded: Car Company and. The Army set a seemingly impossible deadline of 49 days to supply a working prototype. Willys asked for more time, but was refused. The broke American Bantam Car Company had only a skeleton staff left on the payroll and solicited, a talented freelance designer from Detroit. After turning down Bantam's initial request, Probst responded to an Army request and began work on July 17, 1940, initially without salary.
Probst laid out full plans for the Bantam prototype, known as the BRC or Bantam Reconnaissance Car, in just two days, working up a cost estimate the next day. Bantam's bid was submitted, complete with blueprints, on July 22. While much of the vehicle could be assembled from off-the-shelf automotive parts, custom four-wheel drivetrain components were to be supplied. The hand-built prototype was completed in, and driven to, delivered for Army testing on September 23. The vehicle met all the Army's criteria except engine.
World War II had already begun in Asia, with Japan expanding in China, Manchuria and Southeast Asia. The Imperial Japanese Army used a small four-wheel-drive car for reconnaissance and troop movements, having introduced the in 1936. Development – 2.
Enter Willys and Ford The Army thought that the Bantam company was too small to supply the required number of vehicles, so it supplied the Bantam design to Willys and, and encouraged them to modify the design. The resulting and Willys 'Quad' prototypes looked very similar to the Bantam BRC prototype, and Spicer supplied very similar four-wheel drivetrain components to all three manufacturers. 1,500 of each model (Bantam BRC-40, Ford GP, and Willys MA) were built and extensively field-tested.
After the weight specification was revised from 1,275 lb (578 kg) to a maximum of 2,450 lb (1,110 kg) including oil and water, Willys-Overland's chief engineer modified the design in order to use Willys's heavy but powerful ' engine, and won the initial production contract. The Willys version became the standard Jeep design, designated the and was built at their plant in.
The familiar pressed-metal Jeep grille was a Ford design feature and incorporated in the final design by the Army. Because the US War Department required a large number of vehicles in a short time, Willys-Overland granted the US Government a non-exclusive license to allow another company to manufacture vehicles using Willys' specifications. The Army chose Ford as a second supplier, building Jeeps to the Willys' design. Willys supplied Ford with a complete set of plans and specifications. American Bantam, the creators of the first Jeep, built approximately 2,700 of them to the BRC-40 design, but spent the rest of the war building heavy-duty trailers for the Army.
Full production – Willys MB and Ford GPW. 1943 Willys Jeep Final production version Jeeps built by Willys-Overland were the Model MB, while those built by Ford were the Model GPW ( G=government vehicle, P designated the 80', and W = the Willys engine design). There were subtle differences between the two. The versions produced by Ford had every component (including bolt heads) marked with an 'F'. Willys also followed the Ford pattern by stamping its name into some body parts, but stopped this in 1942.
The cost per vehicle trended upwards as the war continued from the price under the first contract from Willys at US$648.74 (Ford's was $782.59 per unit). Willys-Overland and Ford, under the direction of (Vice-President of Ford during World War II), produced about 640,000 Jeeps towards the war effort, which accounted for approximately 18% of all the wheeled military vehicles built in the U.S. During the war. Jeeps were used by every service of the U.S. An average of 145 were supplied to every Army infantry regiment. Jeeps were used for many purposes, including cable laying, saw milling, as firefighting pumpers, field ambulances, tractors and, with suitable wheels, would even run on railway tracks.
An jeep, the model GPA, or 'seep' (Sea Jeep) was built for Ford in modest numbers but it could not be considered a huge success—it was neither a good off-road vehicle nor a good boat. As part of the war effort, nearly 30% of all Jeep production was supplied to and to the. Post-war military Jeeps The Jeep has been widely imitated around the world, including in France by and by (after 1954, Hotchkiss manufactured Jeeps under license from Willys), and in Japan by and. The was inspired by the Jeep. The utilitarian good looks of the original Jeep have been hailed by industrial designers and museum curators alike.
The described the Jeep as a masterpiece of, and has periodically exhibited the Jeep as part of its collection.winning war correspondent called the jeep, along with the, 'the two most important pieces of noncombat equipment ever developed.' Jeeps became even more famous following the war, as they became available on the surplus market. Some ads claimed to offer 'Jeeps still in the factory crate.' This legend persisted for decades, despite the fact that Jeeps were never shipped from the factory in crates (although Ford did 'knock down' Jeeps for easier shipping, which may have perpetuated the myth ).
The is a unique type of taxi or bus created in the. The first Jeepneys were military-surplus MBs and GPWs, left behind in the war-ravaged country following World War II and Filipino independence. Jeepneys were built from Jeeps by lengthening and widening the rear 'tub' of the vehicle, allowing them to carry more passengers. Over the years, Jeepneys have become the most ubiquitous symbol of the modern Philippines, even as they have been decorated in more elaborate and flamboyant styles by their owners. Most Jeepneys today are scratch-built by local manufacturers, using different powertrains. Some are even constructed from stainless steel.
In the United States military, the Jeep has been supplanted by a number of vehicles (e.g. Ford's ) of which the latest is the. CJ-V35/U After World War II, Jeep began to experiment with new designs, including a model that could drive under water. On February 1, 1950, contract N8ss-2660 was approved for 1,000 units 'especially adapted for general reconnaissance or command communications' and 'constructed for short period underwater operation such as encountered in landing and fording operations.' The engine was modified with a snorkel system so that the engine could properly breathe under water. See also: Many explanations of the origin of the word jeep have proven difficult to verify. The most widely held theory is that the military designation GP (for Government Purposes or General Purpose) was slurred into the word Jeep in the same way that the contemporary HMMWV (for High-Mobility Multi-purpose Wheeled Vehicle) has become known as the.
Joe Frazer, President from 1939 to 1944, claimed to have coined the word jeep by the initials G.P. There are no contemporaneous uses of 'GP' before later attempts to create a ' backronym.' A more detailed view, popularized by on his television series, disputes this 'slurred GP' origin, saying that the vehicle was designed for specific duties, and was never referred to as 'General Purpose' and it is highly unlikely that the average jeep-driving would have been familiar with this designation. The Ford GPW abbreviation actually meant G for government use, P to designate its 80-inch (2,000 mm) and W to indicate its Willys-Overland designed engine.
Ermey suggests that soldiers at the time were so impressed with the new vehicles that they informally named it after, a character in the comic strip and cartoons created by, as early as mid-March 1936. Eugene the Jeep was Popeye's 'jungle pet' and was 'small, able to move between dimensions and could solve seemingly impossible problems.' The word 'jeep' however, was used as early as World War I, as US Army slang for new uninitiated recruits, or by mechanics to refer to new unproven vehicles. In 1937, which were supplied by to the US Army were called jeeps. A precursor of the was also referred to as the jeep. Words of the Fighting Forces by Clinton A. Sanders, a dictionary of military slang, published in 1942, in the library at gives this definition: Jeep: A four-wheel drive vehicle of one-half- to one-and-one-half-ton capacity for reconnaissance or other army duty.
A term applied to the bantam-cars, and occasionally to other motor vehicles (U.S.A.) in the Air Corps, the Link Trainer; in the armored forces, the ½-ton command vehicle. Also referred to as 'any small plane, helicopter, or gadget.' This definition is supported by the use of the term 'jeep carrier' to refer to the Navy's small. Early in 1941, demonstrated the vehicle's off-road capability by having it drive up the steps of the, driven by Willys test driver Irving 'Red' Hausmann, who had recently heard soldiers at calling it a 'jeep.' When asked by syndicated columnist Katharine Hillyer for the (or by a bystander, according to another account) what it was called, Hausmann answered, 'It's a jeep.' Katharine Hillyer's article was published nationally on February 19, 1941, and included a picture of the vehicle with the caption: LAWMAKERS TAKE A RIDE- With Senator, of New York, at the wheel, and Representative, of New Jersey, sitting beside him, one of the Army's new scout cars, known as 'jeeps' or 'quads', climbs up the Capitol steps in a demonstration yesterday.
Soldiers in the rear seat for gunners were unperturbed. Although the term was also military slang for vehicles that were untried or untested, this exposure caused all other jeep references to fade, leaving the with the name. Brand, trademarks and image. Willys wartime advertisement promoting its Jeeps' contribution to the war effort The 'Jeep' brand has gone through many owners, starting with, which filed the original trademark application for the 'Jeep' brand-name in February 1943. To help establish the term as a Willys brand, the firm campaigned with advertisements emphasizing Willys' prominent contribution to the Jeep that helped win the war. Willys' application initially met with years of opposition, primarily from Bantam, but also from.
The initially ruled in favor of Bantam in May 1943, largely ignoring Minneapolis-Moline's claim, and continued to scold Willys-Overland after the war for its advertising. The FTC even slapped the company with a formal complaint, to cease and desist any claims that it 'created or designed' the Jeep — Willys was only allowed to advertise its contribution to the jeep's development. Willys however proceeded to produce the first branded vehicles in 1945, and simply copyrighted the Jeep name in 1946. Being the only company that continually produced 'Jeep' vehicles after the war, Willys-Overland was eventually granted the name 'Jeep' as a registered trademark in June 1950.
Willys had also seriously considered the brand name A GRIJ EEP, and was granted the trademark for it in December of 1944, but instead the civilian production models as of 1945 were marketed as the “Universal Jeep,” which reflected a wider range of uses outside of farming. A division of, the most recent successor company to the Jeep brand, now holds trademark status on the name 'Jeep' and the distinctive 7-slot front grille design. The original 9-slot grille associated with all World War II jeeps was designed by Ford for their GPW, and because it weighed less than the original 'Slat Grille' of Willys (an arrangement of flat bars), was incorporated into the 'standardized jeep' design.
The history of the HMMWV has ties with Jeep. In 1971, Jeep's Defense and Government Products Division was turned into AM General, a wholly owned subsidiary of American Motors Corporation, which also owned Jeep.
In 1979, while still owned by American Motors, AM General began the first steps toward designing the Humvee. AM General also continued manufacturing the two-wheel-drive DJ, which Jeep created in 1953. The General Motors and Chrysler Jeep have been waging battle in U.S. Courts over the right to use seven slots in their respective radiator grilles. Chrysler Jeep claims it has the exclusive rights to use the seven vertical slits since it is the sole remaining assignee of the various companies since Willys gave their postwar jeeps seven slots instead of Ford's nine-slot design for the Jeep.
Off-road abilities. Jeep Wrangler off-roading. Jeep advertising has always emphasized the brand's vehicles' off-road capabilities. Today, the is one of the few remaining four-wheel-drive vehicles with solid front and rear axles. These axles are known for their durability, strength, and articulation. New Wranglers come with a rear and a front differential.
The upgraded Rubicon model of the JK Wrangler is equipped with electronically activated locking differentials, axles front and rear with 4.10 gears, a 4:1, electronic disconnect and heavy duty suspension. Another benefit of solid axle vehicles is they tend to be easier and cheaper to 'lift' with aftermarket suspension systems. This increases the distance between the axle and chassis of the vehicle. By increasing this distance, larger tires can be installed, which will increase the, allowing it to traverse even larger and more difficult obstacles. In addition to higher ground clearance, many owners aim to increase suspension articulation or 'flex' to give their Jeeps greatly improved off-road capabilities. Good suspension articulation keeps all four wheels in contact with the ground and maintains traction. Useful features of the smaller Jeeps are their short wheelbases, narrow frames, and ample, and departure angles, allowing them to fit into places where full-size four-wheel drives have difficulty.
Company history and ownership After the war, Willys did not resume production of its passenger-car models, choosing instead to concentrate on Jeeps and Jeep-branded vehicles, launching the in 1946, the in 1947, and the in 1948. An attempt to re-enter the passenger-car market in 1952 with the sedan proved unsuccessful, and ended with the company’s acquisition by in 1953, for $60 million. Kaiser initially called the merged company 'Willys Motors', but renamed itself in 1963.
By the end of 1955, Kaiser-Frazer had dropped the Willys Aero, as well as its own passenger cars to sell Jeeps exclusively. (AMC) in turn purchased Kaiser's money-losing Jeep operations in 1970. This time $70 million changed hands. The utility vehicles complemented AMC's passenger car business by sharing components, achieving volume efficiencies, as well as capitalizing on Jeep's international and government markets. In 1971 AMC spun off Jeep's commercial, postal and military vehicle lines into a separate subsidiary, AM General – the company that later developed the M998 Humvee. In 1976 Jeep introduced the CJ-7, replacing the CJ-6 in North America, as well as crossing 100,000 civilian units in annual global sales for the first time. The French automaker began investing in AMC in 1979.
During this period Jeep introduced the XJ Cherokee, its first unibody SUV; and global sales top 200,000 for the first time in 1985. However, the replacement of the CJ Jeeps by the new Wrangler line in 1986 marked the start of a different era.
By 1987, the automobile markets had changed and Renault itself was experiencing financial troubles. At the same time, wanted to capture the Jeep brand, as well as other assets of AMC. So Chrysler bought out AMC in 1987, shortly after the Jeep had been replaced with the AMC-designed. After more than 40 years, the four-wheel drive utility vehicles brand that had been a profitable niche for smaller automakers, fell into the hands of one of the; and Jeep was the only AMC brand continued by Chrysler after the acquisition. But Chrysler subsequently merged with in 1998 and folded into. DaimlerChrysler eventually sold most of their interest in Chrysler to a company in 2007. Chrysler and the Jeep division operated under Chrysler Group LLC, until December 15, 2014, when Chrysler folded into, with the stateside division operating under 'FCA US LLC'.
Jeeps have been built under licence by various manufacturers around the world, including in, EBRO in Spain, and several in South America. Built more than 30 models in Japan between 1953 and 1998. Most were based on the CJ-3B model of the original Willys-Kaiser design. Has been the headquarters of the Jeep brand since its inception, and the city has always been proud of this heritage. Although no longer produced in the same as the World War II originals, two streets in the vicinity of the old plant are named Willys Parkway and Jeep Parkway.
The and are built in the city currently, in separate facilities, not far from the site of the original Willys-Overland plant. American Motors set up the first automobile-manufacturing joint venture in the People's Republic of China on January 15, 1984. The result was Beijing Jeep Corporation, Ltd., in partnership with Beijing Automobile Industry Corporation, to produce the in Beijing. Manufacture continued after Chrysler's buyout of AMC. This joint venture is now part of DaimlerChrysler and DaimlerChrysler China Invest Corporation. The original 1984 XJ model was updated and called the 'Jeep 2500' toward the end of its production that ended after 2005. While Jeeps have been built in India under licence by Mahindra & Mahindra since the 1960s, Jeep has entered the Indian market directly in 2016, starting with release of the Wrangler and Grand Cherokee in the country.
Ownership chronology. 1944–1953: -Overland. 1953–1964: (calling themselves 'Willys Motors'). 1964–1970: Kaiser Jeep.
1970–1987: (w/ controlling production in 1986). 1987–1998:. 1998–2007: AG. 2007–2009: Chrysler LLC.
2009–2013: Chrysler Group LLC -. 2014–present: Military Jeeps model list. Jeep M715 truck. 1940 — Willys' first prototype, competing for the U.S. 1982 Jeep Scrambler The CJ (for 'Civilian Jeep') series were literally the first 'Jeep' branded vehicles produced for the civilian public, beginning in 1945 with the, followed by the CJ-3A in 1949 and the in 1953. These early Jeeps are commonly referred to as 'flatfenders' because their front fenders were flat and rectangular across, like on their military forebears, the Willys MB and identical Ford GPW models. The CJ-4 exists only as a 1951 prototype, and is the 'missing link' between the flat-fendered CJ-2A and CJ-3B and the round-fendered first introduced in 1955.
1944–1945. 1945–1949. 1949–1953 A.
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1953–1968. 1954–1983. 1955–1975. 1964–1967. 1976–1986. 1981–1985 Scrambler. 1981–1985 Willys Jeep Station Wagon and Truck.
The 1946–1965 and the. 1947–1965 shared much in terms of styling and engineering. With over 300,000 wagons and its variants built in the U.S., it was one of Willys' most successful post-World War II models. Its production coincided with consumers moving to the suburbs. Willys / Jeep Jeepster & (Jeepster) Commando. A made by Jeep From 1955 onwards Willys offered two-wheel drive versions of their CJ Jeeps for commercial use, called DJ models (for 'Dispatcher Jeep'), in both open and closed body-styles. A well-known version was the right-hand drive model with sliding side-doors, used by the US Postal service.
In 1961 the range was expanded with the 'Fleetvan' delivery-van, based on DJ Jeeps. 1955. 1955–1964.
1965–1975. 1965–1973. 1967–1975. 1970–1972.
1973–1974. 1975–1976. 1976 Electruck. 1977–1978.
1979. 1982 Fleetvan Jeep. 1961–1975. 2008-2010 WK Grand Cherokee. 1993–1998.
1993–1995 Base SE. 1993–1998 Laredo. 1993–1998 Limited. 1995–1997 Orvis 'Limited Edition'. 1997–1998 TSi. 1998 5.9 Limited.
1993 ZJ. 1999–2004 Grand Cherokee. 2002–2003 Sport.
2002–2004 Special edition. 2002–2004 Overland.
2004 Columbia Edition. 2005-2010: Five-passenger family-oriented — 'WK' is the designator for the 2005–2010 Grand Cherokee, marks the beginning of the -K designation compared to the -J designation. 2011– present Jeep Liberty / Cherokee. This section may be and excessively detailed. Please consider summarizing the material while as needed. Mahindra & Mahindra Limited Indian Jeep Jeeps have been built and/or assembled around the world by various companies. Argentina – IKA Jeeps 1956–current; now owned by Chrysler.
Australia – Willys Motors Australia – 1940s–1980s. Brazil – Willys Overland do Brasil, purchased by Ford to become – 1957–1985 built the from 1960–1977, and the T4 is a fiberglass bodied Jeep version built in Brazil. Troller was purchased by Ford do Brasil in 2007. Burma/Myanmar – Two Burmese companies produce unlicensed copies of jeeps; Myanmar Jeeps and Chin Dwin Star Jeeps. Canada – Kaiser Jeep – 1959–1969. China – Beijing Jeep Corporation – 1983 to 2009 as. Fiat-Chrysler plans to re-open Jeep production in China through joint venture with (GAIG).
Colombia – Willys Colombia – at least until 1999. Egypt – subsidiary based in produces the; the open-top, Wrangler-based Jeep AAV TJL.
France – Licence produced jeeps: and by (now Auverland) – 1952–1962. India – – 1960s-current. Iran –, and – ShahBaaz based on, Sahra based on and, and Ahoo based on. Israel – which produces the (Sufa) series of -derivatives. Italy – 1950s. Japan – – 1953–1998. Korea –and.
(don't use Jeep name) – 1980s-current. Mexico – Jeeps – 1946–1987. Netherlands –NEKAF-JEEP Nederlandse Kaiser-Frazer – 1954-1990s.
Philippines –; MD Juan.; 'E-jeepneys' or, LSV which uses electricity. Spanish-built long-wheelbase CJ-3B. Portugal – – 1960s to 1980s This Lisbon company assembled a number of Kaiser Jeep M-201 models from several Spanish EBRO and VIASA parts built to order for the USAF airfields & the US Army based at the time in Portugal, of the 500 vehicles made, most had American running gear. Spain – (VIASA), absorbed by, and later sold to – 1960-1990s For instance built a long-wheelbase version of the CJ-3B from 1955–1968. Turkey – Tuzla – 1954-1970s. Venezuela- Valencia Carabobo 1962–2011, 1962 Tejerias Edo Aragua Willys de Venezuela, S.A, 1979–2011 Ensambladora Carabobo C.A Valencia Edo Carabobo Jeep apparel and sponsorships Jeep is also a brand of apparel of outdoor lifestyle sold under license.
It is reported that there are between 600 and 1,500 such outlets in China, vastly outnumbering the number of Jeep auto dealers in the country. In April 2012 Jeep signed a shirt sponsorship deal worth €35m ($45m) with Italian football club. In August 2014 Jeep signed a sponsorship deal with Greek football club. See also., a video game based on the then-current Jeep Wrangler YJ model. References Inline.
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External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to, and. Look up in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. first detailed article on what became known as the Jeep. United Films, Prelinger Archives, Historical Public Domain video.
August 1945. A Visual History.